Practical Projects in Python

This lesson challenges you to apply the concepts learned through six interactive projects. From simple console games to web applications and automation, each project develops your skills in a practical and creative way.

Included Projects

Number Guessing Game
Simple Banking Application
Mini CLI Chat
Tic-Tac-Toe in Console
Automation: Web Scraping with requests + BeautifulSoup
Simple Web Application with Flask

Each project comes with explanations, full code, and extension suggestions. You can customize them, combine them, or turn them into more complex applications.

Number Guessing Game - CLI Project in Python

This simple command-line game allows the user to guess a number randomly generated by the computer. It is ideal for practicing loops, conditions, and input handling.

Game Code

import random

secret_number = random.randint(1, 100)
attempts = 0

print("Guess the number between 1 and 100!")

while True:
    try:
        guessed = int(input("Enter a number: "))
        attempts += 1

        if guessed < secret_number:
            print("📉 Too low.")
        elif guessed > secret_number:
            print("📈 Too high.")
        else:
            print(f"🎉 Congratulations! You guessed it in {attempts} attempts.")
            break
    except ValueError:
        print("⚠️ Enter a valid number.")

What You Practice

Using the random module
while loops and if-elif-else conditions
Exception handling with try-except
Command-line interaction

Possible Extensions

Allow choosing the range (e.g., 1–500)
Save the score to a file
Add a high score system
Turn the game into a GUI using tkinter

Simple Banking Application - CLI Project in Python

This application simulates a bank account in the command line. The user can check the balance, deposit money, and withdraw funds. It is ideal for practicing functions, conditional structures, and loops.

Application Code

balance = 1000

def display_menu():
    print("\n💳 Banking Menu")
    print("1. Check balance")
    print("2. Deposit money")
    print("3. Withdraw money")
    print("4. Exit")

while True:
    display_menu()
    option = input("Choose an option: ")

    if option == "1":
        print(f"💰 Current balance is: {balance} GBP")
    elif option == "2":
        amount = float(input("Enter deposit amount: "))
        balance += amount
        print(f"✅ You deposited {amount} GBP.")
    elif option == "3":
        amount = float(input("Enter withdrawal amount: "))
        if amount <= balance:
            balance -= amount
            print(f"✅ You withdrew {amount} GBP.")
        else:
            print("❌ Insufficient funds.")
    elif option == "4":
        print("👋 Goodbye!")
        break
    else:
        print("⚠️ Invalid option.")

What You Practice

Simple functions
while loops and conditions
Handling numeric input

Possible Extensions

Save the balance to a file
Add password authentication
Allow transfers between accounts

Mini CLI Chat - Interactive Project in Python

This project simulates a conversation between two users in the command line. Messages are saved in a text file, and each user can read and send messages. It is ideal for practicing file handling and interactive loops.

Application Code

def send_message(name):
    message = input(f"{name} says: ")
    with open("chat.txt", "a") as f:
        f.write(f"{name}: {message}\n")

def display_chat():
    print("\n📜 Chat History:")
    try:
        with open("chat.txt", "r") as f:
            print(f.read())
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("💬 The chat is empty.")

print("💬 Mini CLI Chat - type 'exit' to quit.")

while True:
    display_chat()
    user = input("Who is writing (User1/User2)? ")
    if user.lower() == "exit":
        break
    send_message(user)

What You Practice

Reading and writing text files
Functions and parameters
Interactive loop with input

Possible Extensions

Add timestamp to each message
Allow clearing the chat history
Transform the app into a web chat with Flask

Tic-Tac-Toe in Console - Interactive Game in Python

This project implements the classic "X and O" game in the command line. Two players alternate moves on a 3x3 board, and the program automatically checks for a winner or a draw.

Game Code

board = [" "]*9

def display_board():
    print(f"""
 {board[0]} | {board[1]} | {board[2]}
---+---+---
 {board[3]} | {board[4]} | {board[5]}
---+---+---
 {board[6]} | {board[7]} | {board[8]}
""")

def check_winner(symbol):
    combinations = [
        [0,1,2], [3,4,5], [6,7,8],  # rows
        [0,3,6], [1,4,7], [2,5,8],  # columns
        [0,4,8], [2,4,6]            # diagonals
    ]
    return any(all(board[i] == symbol for i in c) for c in combinations)

player = "X"
while True:
    display_board()
    try:
        position = int(input(f"Player {player}, choose a position (0–8): "))
        if board[position] == " ":
            board[position] = player
            if check_winner(player):
                display_board()
                print(f"🏆 Player {player} won!")
                break
            elif " " not in board:
                display_board()
                print("🤝 Draw!")
                break
            player = "O" if player == "X" else "X"
        else:
            print("⚠️ Position already taken.")
    except (ValueError, IndexError):
        print("⚠️ Enter a valid number between 0 and 8.")

What You Practice

Lists and indexing
Functions and logical checks
Interactive loop

Possible Extensions

Add scores and multiple rounds
Allow playing against the computer
Transform the game into a graphical interface with tkinter

Automation - Web Scraping with requests + BeautifulSoup

This project demonstrates how to extract data from a web page using the requests and BeautifulSoup libraries. It is ideal for automating online data collection.

Application Code

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = "https://quotes.toscrape.com"
r = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser")

quotes = soup.find_all("span", class_="text")

print("📜 Extracted Quotes:")
for q in quotes:
    print(q.text)

What You Practice

Sending HTTP requests with requests
Traversing HTML structure with BeautifulSoup
Extracting data from HTML elements

Possible Extensions

Save quotes to a text file or CSV
Extract authors and quote topics
Create a program that collects data from multiple pages

Simple Web Application with Flask - Python Web Project

This project builds a basic web application using the Flask framework. It is ideal for starting web development in Python and understanding routes, templates, and the local server.

Application Code

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def home():
    return "👋 Hello, John! Welcome to your Flask application."

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return "🌐 This is a simple web application created with Flask."

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(debug=True)

What You Practice

Creating a local web server
Defining routes (@app.route)
Returning HTML or text content

Possible Extensions

Add forms and data processing
Integrate HTML templates with Jinja2
Transform the app into a blog or dashboard

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